Thursday, October 31, 2019
Fixed and floating charges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words
Fixed and floating charges - Essay Example However, on the other hand, companies often tend to offer such collaterals in order to gain relaxations in obtaining debt including reduction in the interest rates as well as margin requirements. Thus providing a security not only has a legal implication but also offer influence to creditors in controlling the future events. However, from the perspective of a firm, the nature and impact of providing assets of the firm as security carry different significance and as such depends largely upon the credit worthiness of the firm. Better a firm has a creditworthiness chances are that the firm will be able to get larger concessions in providing assets as security.2 It is however critical to note that from legal perspectives, the claim or charge of creditors on the assets of the company are created through different charges created over the assets of the firm with relevant regulatory authorities. These charges can be of either floating nature or of fixed nature depending upon the nature of the mutual agreement between both the parties. It is however also important to understand that the significance of floating and fixed charge to both creditors and the firm may be different again depending upon the nature of agreement made between both the parties. There are generally two sources of funds for an organization i.e. equity contribution made by the shareholders of the firm and the funds acquired from external sources such as bank loans and bond issues. Equity issues or equity contribution is the most risky investment because it is clean i.e. shareholders are offered no guarantee or security that their investment will be paid back and as such shareholders have the least claims against the assets of the company in case of its liquidation because all the claims of company’s creditors are settled first and remaining is distributed to the shareholders. On the other hand, debts obtained from various sources such as banks and capital markets are less risky as compared to
Tuesday, October 29, 2019
Information Security Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Information Security Proposal - Essay Example This includes the recovery from network downtime. It also includes the plans and security in place for the A paradigm can have various meanings. It refers to â€Å"your basic beliefs†and your approach to the world which affects the way you define your research and how you collect and analyse data (Collis & Hussey, 2003, p. 47). The research approaches used in the study comprises a mixture of both the â€Å"phenomenological paradigm†which is also referred to as a â€Å"qualitative†approach, and the â€Å"positivistic paradigm†also known as the â€Å"quantitative†approach (Collis & Hussey, 2003, p. 47). As the research will utilize interviews to collect data, it would be advantageous to use both the qualitative and quantitative approaches. This will be useful when conducting interviews, as the phenomenological paradigm helps the researcher to â€Å"get a feel for the key issues†and provides â€Å"confidence†in the accuracy and depth of the data collected as the main issues have been covered (Saunders & Lewis & Thornhill, 2000, p. 98). Furthermore, working within the positivistic paradigm will assist in measuring the data and the correlation between the variables, and the quantitative research outcome could be measured against existing theory. Using a mixture of approaches and techniques has advantages, as all methods have pros and cons. This means using a triangulation approach, which as Denzin & Lincoln (2000) explain â€Å"has been generally considered a process of using multiple perceptions to clarify meaning, verifying the repeatability of an observation or interpretation†(p. 443). Using both methods will help ensure that the research outcome is accurate and this â€Å"will lead to greater confidence being placed in your conclusions†(Saunders & Lewis & Thornhill, 2000, p. 99). It also reduces the â€Å"possibility of getting the answer wrong†(Saunders & Lewis & Thornhill, 2000, p. 100). For the research, data will be collected from two types of sources,
Sunday, October 27, 2019
The North And South Gap In Economic Development
The North And South Gap In Economic Development According to dependency perspective has globalization increase or reduce the North and South gap in economic development? The international political economy is determined by two significant income gaps. The first is the significant gap between the rich and poor nations, and the second is the growing differences between groups of LDCs. When we analyze North-South differences, we observe the North and Souths problems -Western system-. North-South debate had became great significant at the end of the 20th century. The return from an investment on a sustainable basis gap between North and South is growing. Also, the objects produced by the states of the South become lesser costly for developed countries. Such situation enables the less developed nations to create more in order to buy even lesser goods from the wealth countries. It decreases the skills of the less developed countries to direct the global economy because their goods are not needed and their view is not taken into account by the rich countries. Therefore less developed countries are usually discomfort with the direction of the global economy because of the little role that they play in its organization. The North-South issue was studied by the three different philosophical approaches, which argued whether this gap could be decreased in the global economic system. Liberal theory of economic improvement is the theories in the International economy. Globalist or Marxist approaches look the problem in the free-trade system. Structuralists are between liberals and globalists because they claim that the system is not optimal however can be in peaceful manner reformed and organized again. All theories can be made judgments at many point, but all of them contain significant information for the complex view of the issue. Marxists keen on the economics of South by North, which is an initial pattern of the capitalist system. They claim that free-trade represents a non equal exchange between the North and the South in the economy dominated the North. Thats why because of its direction ability, a requirement for the raw materials and markets abroad, the North decreases prices on the materials exported from the North. The problem with this approach is that the Third World is not any longer very important to the wealth nations. Its exports goods dont have affect on the North because each consumptions of raw materials reduces because of changing growth patterns, conservation, substitution and technological developments. Structuralists has same view with Marxists that free trade is not equal exchange with most of its benefits belonging to the rich countries. But, they argue that it is not a required view of the system. They say the two structure of society when some people has primal conditions and some has the global economy due to their job in export industry. By regional integration structuralists say creating of trade associations among many developing nations to require attractive and reliable to the foreign investors. This theory problem is the question of its practical act of implying. There is a political trouble connected to the economic realm: how can the weakest state change their situation against the will of the strongest state? Another question is whether regulation can be do and what is needed to do for its strengthened. Since the end of World War ll, developing countries have searched several different ways in an effort to change their dependence. In the Bretton Woods era, developing countries were dependent on the developed North and pursued national strategies designed to isolate or protect themselves from the international economic system. The major aims of the developing countries are to handle poverty and inequality, growing and to has an important role in the global economy decision process. Developing nations demand to change the system or to adapt to it with the lowest cost to their economy. There are many general Southern strategies to achieve these aims, which were acquired many years later of samples and mistakes, such as the attempt to delink themselves from some aspects of the International economic system, the try to change the economic rule itself, and the try to increase the greatest level the gains from integration into the common system. After the decolonization period, the non wealth countries made political independence however did not provide economic level. In many situations developing countries experienced suffering in having some countries but their main state as their financial suppliers. The Developing states economies were limited of capital and technical skills. Both factors comprised the dependence of the Southern states on the technology realm and economic resources of the more developed countries. The other wave of dependence was that developing countries depend their economies on one exporting material and so soon became dependent on their main countries. Bad result of the dependence situation of the developing countries on a only one commodity was that the price decreased this very commodity effected the all economy and destabilized it. Free-trade system looked like to advantages all however the developing countries; therefore they were distrustful of its effectiveness. To restrain their dependence, d eveloping states began two new strategies; the import substitution strategy (IS) the export substitution strategy (ES). The other strategy to achieve economic improvement for developing nations was to want the United Nations assisting in the sense of aid from foreign and special trade choices for example lower tariffs. As a result of this together cry for changes G-77 was made to behave as last indefinitely political parts representing the interests of the developing nations in the UN. The structure of the (UNCTAD) -United Nations Conference on Trade and Development- which deliver the opinion of structuralists about the greater aid flows, limiting of free trade and control of MNCs, showed the confrontations between LDCs and wealth countries in UN. The tries of the LDC to establish their assembly to affect the wealth countries went beyond. In 1974 developing nations called for a New International Economic Order, which promises to solve the economic crises. Its achievement depended on the integrity of the Southern nations, credibility of their export goods and meaning their vulnerability by North. The New International Economic Order failed because of these three steps was not completed. Firstly, there was a high gap between the Newly Independent Nations and the less developed countries. In addition, the commodity became less costly for North, whose want raw materials were reducing. The other factor was that the North did not demand to make any changes besides what they were eager to do. The North suggest its help by agreeing to send the funds, to offer advise to learn about export strategies, to avoid degradation of the global circumstances and to decrease the flow of the Souths people to the North.    The shortcoming of the New International Economic Order did not solve the North-South issue. After 2. shock it became clear that oil suppliers and developing nations succeeding the export substitution strategy very well. Criticisms of Washington Consensus The term Washington Consensus was firstly coined in 1989 to describe a set of ten important economic policy offers that he considered should constitute the reform package provide for crisis-wracked developing countries based institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, and the US Treasury Department. It has been criticized by people such as Joseph E. Stiglitz. This is the most important point of Stiglitzs criticisms of the IMF neo-classical approach in the South. They simply do not have the institutions or information transparency for the neo-classical model to work. Stiglitzs criticisms are about the disadvantages of globalization. He stated some problems about this consensus. The South is getting screwed by asymmetrical trade opening. The South is getting a raw deal on the opening up of services and intellectual property rights. The South would gain more from trade than aid. The IMF is too doctrinaire and ideological in applying its one size fits all to countries around the world. The IMF screwed up in East Asia, by mis-diagnosing the basic causes of the problem. The result of capital account crises combined with the IMFs classic medicine has been disaster. There is a huge market failure in world capital markets. All of the risk is being carried by the South because they cannot borrow long-term in their own currencies. Hence, the borrowers, not the rich lenders take the risk. CONCLUSION While both Liberals and Marxist advocate growth ideology, especially economic growth, these approaches do not give importance to power structures and relations. The main aim of these approaches that how can developing countries reach the standart of developing economy in the North. Whereas, social transformation is of highly importance for this transformation. After examining many different views to deal with the North-South issue, It can be said that solution of this problem is not simple. Gap between North and South can be decreased by some reforms. In light of these reforms, economy of developing countries must be developed. On the other hand, social development is of highly importance in terms of reducing of North-South gap. Equality of member in society must be provided.
Friday, October 25, 2019
An Analysis of the Epic Poem, Beowulf - Anglo-Saxon Customs and Values
Anglo-Saxon Customs and Values Reflected in Beowulf      Readers today approach the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf with cultural preconceptions very different from those expressed by the author of this poem. This essay hopes to enlighten the modern reader regarding the customs and values from the time of the poem’s composition.   Beowulf makes reference to Ingeld and his wife and the coming Heathobard feud:                                                             in that hot passion his love for peace-weaver,                   his wife, will cool (2065-66)  This is a rare passage, for Anglo-Saxon poetry rarely mentions romantic feelings between spouses. In fact, one’s marital status was even considered insignificant. For example, with the hero himself the poet never mentions whether he is married or not. On the other hand, feelings between men are presented frequently and with surprising intensity. Consider Beowulf’s farewell from Hrothgar and Heorot:  Then the good king,                             of a noble race, great Scylding prince,                           held that best thane round the neck and kissed him; his tears ran down, streaked his great beard.                      Wise in his age, he expected two things,            but one the more strongly, that never again                        would they look on each other as in this brave meeting.                       That man was so dear that he could not withhold                    those deep tears; fixed in his heart                                   by the bonds of thought, a deep-felt longing                               for the beloved man burned in his... ...ld English days.  From the above it’s obvious that abundant evidence amply demonstrates that Beowulf truly reflects an Anglo-Saxon culture which is so much different from anything modern readers are used to.  BIBLIOGRAPHY  Chickering, Howell D.. Beowulf A dual-Language Edition. New York: Anchor Books, 1977.  Cramp, Rosemary. â€Å"Beowulf  and Archaeology.†In TheBeowulf Poet, edited byDonald K. fry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968.  Robinson, Fred C.. â€Å"Differences Between Modern and Anglo-Saxon Values.†In Readings on Beowulf, edited by Stephen P. Thompson. San Diego: Greenhaven Press,1998.  Collins, Roger and McClure, Judith, editors. Bede: The Ecclesiastical History of the English People; The Greater Chronicle; Bede’s Letter to Egbert. New York: Oxford University Press, 1969. Â
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Analysis on Personal Philosophy
As defined by Webster†s Dictionary, a teacher is â€Å"one who instructs, directs, and disciplines other individuals.†This definition is correct, however, teaching encompasses much more. A teacher is an integral part of the learning process of a child. A teacher also aids the child in personal growth and life development. Teaching has always been my lifetime desire. I look forward with great anticipation to the day when I teach my own class. This will give me the opportunity to instill in the children a thirst for knowledge. This is also a chance for me to make the children realize their unique potential for greatness and open their eyes to the beautiful world around them. Before getting involved in my formal education classes and field experiences in Elementary Education at Pennsylvania State University, I thought being an educator involved teaching the students basic skills, assigning homework, and testing their knowledge. I soon found out that this monotonous routine does not maximize student interest and learning. Through my valuable student teaching experience, I have come to identify with a teaching paradigm known as Inquiry learning. In this particular paradigm, knowledge is viewed as functional and pleasurable. Children learn from the questions they pose. Key skills are learned in context and focus on child interest rather than artificial and made-up. This type of education concentrates on student interest. Children are focused and on-task because they are directly involved in their own learning. The Inquiry Paradigm also allows for numerous hands-on learning experiences. Another aspect of Inquiry learning is that the teacher is viewed as a â€Å"partner along the journey†instead of â€Å"Supreme Being†. I firmly believe that a teacher should treat her students as partners on a journey. This allows students to feel independent and responsible for their own learning.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Pacificus & Helvidius Debates Essay
This was written on Notepad then converted into a Word Document. The purpose of this document is to be supplemental to reading the Pacificus & Helvidius Debates, this was written side by side while reading the debates, therefore, if this is the first time you are reading the Pacificus and Helvidius Debates these notes will provide more of a curse then a blessing. Pacificus I: The objections which people are raising against the proclamation of neutrality have been done in bitterness and in critical language, which to me demonstrates that their views were concern with matters that exceed the free discussion of an important public measure. They discuss weakening the confidence of the people in the President†¦ My reflection describes the motives connected with the proclamation which will be used to recommend endeavors by proper explanation of the subject at hand. These explanations at least should be satisfactory to those people who may not have the opportunity for investigating the subject themselves and those people who want to perceive that proclamation is not inconsistent with the constitution. The objections to the proclamation are: The proclamation had no authority. It is contrary to our treaties with France. It is contrary to the gratitude owed to France for helping the U.S. secure victory in the Revolution. That is was out of time and unnecessary. The proclamation was designed to make it known to the belligerents of Europe and the citizens of the U.S. that the U.S. is at Peace with all those at war and that under no treaty to become associated in that war. It also warns all those with the government’s jurisdiction to abstain from acts that contravene the proclamation. This proclamation does not declare that the U.S. will not abide to the conditions of treaties of the belligerents, because they can be up held without committing the U.S. into war. This does not mean the U.S. will not make distinctions about the present war powers as illustrated in articles 17 and 22 of the Treaty of Alliance, because in doing so does not render the U.S. to associate in the war. Even the furnishing of determinate succors with ships or troops to a Power at War due to treaties that have no reference to the war is still consistent with neutrality. However, no favors should be done to either side. The proclamation does exclude engagement in the 11th article of Treaty of Alliance, because the 11th article does not apply to the U.S. in this case. Now let’s discuss whether or not the President acted within his proper sphere or is out of bounds in his actions. First, it is not to be disputed that the management of foreign affair is confided to the U.S. government. Second, it could little be disputed that it beyond the right of the government to issue a proclamation of neutrality. The ability to make such proclamations is important to counties whose interest lies in the preservation of peace. The real question at hand is what department of government is the proper one to make a declaration of neutrality when it is proper. Someone of a correct understands must see that is do not pertain to either the legislative or judicial branches of government. The legislative branch is not the organ of foreign relations. Therefore, it is not the organ of government which is to pronounce the condition of the nation in regards to foreign powers. It is even more obvious that the Judiciary branch does not possess this power. This department decides on litigation in cases, it does interpret treaties, however, only in cases. It does not pronounce the external political relations of treaties between governments. Therefore the power belongs to the executive, when proper. In cases in which the judiciary is not competent, that is in cases between governments. This power is charged with the execution of the laws, of which treaties form a part. This condition is so obvious and consistent with general theory and is undoubtedly just, unless doubt can be deduced from the Constitution. In the following I will see if that doubt is to be found in the constitution. Article 1 state that â€Å"the executive power shall be vested in a President of the U.S.†It also continues and states that the President is the commander in chief of the army and navy of the U.S. and the Militias of the states when called into the service of the U.S., as well as, that the President has the power by and with the advice of the senate to make treaties and that it is his duty to receive ambassadors and ministers to take care that the laws be faithfully executed. It is not consistent with the rules of â€Å"sound construction†to consider the Constitution’s enumeration of the President’s particular authorities is degrading from the more comprehensive grant given to him in the general clause than what has been restricted to him. Due to the difficulty of making a complete and perfect specification of all of the Executive’s authority. There is broad construction of the president’s power in the Constitution. The differences are in the expression, for example â€Å"All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in the Congress of the U.S.†however the difference is â€Å"The Executive Power shall be vested in a President of the U.S.†The Executive Power leaves the rest to flow from the general grant of that power. The doctrine of the constitution in context of the Executive Power is that the Executive Power is only restricted in the qualifications which are expressed in it. But is free elsewhere. The issuing of a proclamation of neutrality is merely an Executive Act. The is no condition in the constitution which inhibits him. It may be observed that the foregoing inference is just if the power of declaring war had not been vested in the Legislature, but that this power naturally includes the right of judging whether the nation is under obligations to make war or not. Even though it is true that it is right of the legislature to declare war also includes the right of judging whether the US is under obligations to make War or not, it does not exclude the president to the same power. If it is the power of the Legislature to make war, then it is the duty of the executive to preserve peace until war is declared, which requires the executive to interpret treaties. There is nothing inconsistent with government which excludes the President from making a proclamation of neutrality. It is both his right and duty to enforce the laws of the Nation. The proclamation of neutrality is a statement to the U.S. people with regard to the Powers at war and makes it know that the law of neutrality is to be enforced. In doing this, the proclamation is stating a secret law. It is the power of the executive to interpret the articles of our treaties and judges the bounds of those treaties. As the organ of foreign affair the executive can consequentially affect the exercise of the Legislative war making power. The President cannot control that power except by veto. The legislature still remains free to perform its own duties in accord to its own sense of them; however, the executive actions could affect them. Therefore it is the case that because treaties are made by the President and Senate together, their activity may be suspended by the President alone. The legislator’s powers are to be constructed strictly. Although the legislature alone can declare war, and transfer the nation for peace to war, it is the executive’s power to do whatever else the laws of nations require for cooperation. In this distribution of powers the wisdom of the constitution is manifested. It is the province and duty of the executive to preserve peace. Only the legislature can interrupt those blessings. Although it is advisable to interpret the authority of the Executive on this broad and comprehensive ground, it is not absolutely necessary to do so in this case. The clause of the constitution which makes it the President’s duty to â€Å"take care that the laws be faithfully executed†might alone be relied on. The U.S.’s treaties and laws must be interpreted by the executive for execution. It is his due to proclaim the neutrality of the nation. Some view the proclamation as the enacting of some new law, but that is wrong. It only is a statement of fact in regard to the existing state of the nation, and informs the citizens of what the laws previously established require of them in the U.S. and warns them that these laws will be put into execution against their breakers.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Free Essays on Solar Energy
Solar energy originates from the Sun. It is created by nuclear fusion reactions that occur in the Sun’s core. It can be used to generate electricity, provide hot water, and to heat, cool, and light buildings. It is the most important and vital factor of life, because any substantial change in its radiation power would alter or end life on Earth. The Earth naturally collects solar energy in oceans, plant life, and in the atmosphere. Humans can use this to influence technology. A direct way of obtaining solar energy is by two different kinds of artificial collectors. These are called flat plate collectors and concentrating collectors. The former are thin boxes with a see-through cover, which are placed of the top of roofs and facing the sun. These are used for water and space heating. Concentrating collectors are more expensive and complicated; therefore, they are more beneficial for uses such as air conditioning and central power generation. The temperatures they can acquire are higher than that of flat plate collectors. Solar energy falls on buildings and is used to heat them without special devices. This passive way of heating a building is maintained by the construction of the buildings (large windows and absorbing materials on the outside). This can reduce an energy bill up to 50 percent. For cooling purposes, an absorption air conditioner or refrigerator uses a solar collector that stimulates the cooling process. This is due to the fact that evaporation requires heat energy. For solar energy to be converted into electricity, photovoltaics are made from silicon or other semiconductor resources. The solar energy jars electrons loose from their atoms, letting the electrons flow through the material to produce electricity. These PV cells are typically grouped into modules of approximately 40 cells. This can be used to generate electricity in a building or a power plant, and to operate solar batteries. The cost o... Free Essays on Solar Energy Free Essays on Solar Energy Solar energy originates from the Sun. It is created by nuclear fusion reactions that occur in the Sun’s core. It can be used to generate electricity, provide hot water, and to heat, cool, and light buildings. It is the most important and vital factor of life, because any substantial change in its radiation power would alter or end life on Earth. The Earth naturally collects solar energy in oceans, plant life, and in the atmosphere. Humans can use this to influence technology. A direct way of obtaining solar energy is by two different kinds of artificial collectors. These are called flat plate collectors and concentrating collectors. The former are thin boxes with a see-through cover, which are placed of the top of roofs and facing the sun. These are used for water and space heating. Concentrating collectors are more expensive and complicated; therefore, they are more beneficial for uses such as air conditioning and central power generation. The temperatures they can acquire are higher than that of flat plate collectors. Solar energy falls on buildings and is used to heat them without special devices. This passive way of heating a building is maintained by the construction of the buildings (large windows and absorbing materials on the outside). This can reduce an energy bill up to 50 percent. For cooling purposes, an absorption air conditioner or refrigerator uses a solar collector that stimulates the cooling process. This is due to the fact that evaporation requires heat energy. For solar energy to be converted into electricity, photovoltaics are made from silicon or other semiconductor resources. The solar energy jars electrons loose from their atoms, letting the electrons flow through the material to produce electricity. These PV cells are typically grouped into modules of approximately 40 cells. This can be used to generate electricity in a building or a power plant, and to operate solar batteries. The cost o...
Monday, October 21, 2019
USS Oriskany CV-34 US NavyAircraft Carrier
USS Oriskany CV-34 US NavyAircraft Carrier USS Oriskany (CV-34)  Overview Nation: United StatesType: Aircraft CarrierShipyard: New York Naval ShipyardLaid Down: May 1, 1944Launched: October 13, 1945Commissioned: September 25, 1950Fate: Sunk as artificial reef in 2006 Specifications (as built) Displacement: 30,800 tonsLength: 904 ft.Beam: 129 ft.Draft: 30 ft., 6 in.Propulsion: 8 Ãâ€" boilers, 4 Westinghouse geared turbines, 4 shaftsSpeed: 33 knotsRange: 20,000 miles at 15 knotsComplement: 2,600 men Aircraft 90-100 aircraft USS Oriskany (CV-34) Construction Laid down at the New York Naval Shipyard on May 1, 1944, USS Oriskany (CV-34) was intended to be a long-hull Essex-class aircraft carrier. Named for the 1777 Battle of Oriskany which was fought during the American Revolution, the carrier was launched on October 13, 1945 with Ida Cannon serving as sponsor. With the end of World War II, work on Oriskany was halted in August 1947 when the vessel was 85% complete. Assessing its needs, the US Navy redesigned Oriskany to serve as the prototype for the new SCB-27 modernization program. This called for the installation of more powerful catapults, stronger elevators, a new island layout, and the addition of blisters to the hull. Many of upgrades made during the SCB-27 program were intended to allow the carrier to handle the jet aircraft that were coming into service. Completed in 1950, Oriskany was commissioned on September 25 with Captain Percy Lyon in command. Early Deployments Departing New York in December, Oriskany conducted training and shakedown exercises in the Atlantic and Caribbean into early 1951. With these complete, the carrier embarked Carrier Air Group 4 and began a deployment to the Mediterranean with the 6th Fleet that May. Returning in November, Oriskany entered the yard for an overhaul which saw changes to its island, flight deck, and steering system. With the completion of this work in May 1952, the ship received orders to join the Pacific Fleet. Rather than use the Panama Canal, Oriskany sailed around South America and made port calls at Rio de Janeiro, Valparaiso, and Callao. After conducting training exercises near San Diego, Oriskany crossed the Pacific to support United Nations forces during the Korean War. Korea After a port call in Japan, Oriskany joined Task Force 77 off the coast of Korea in October 1952. Commencing air strikes against enemy targets, the carriers aircraft attacked troop positions, supply lines, and artillery emplacements. In addition, Oriskanys pilots had success in combating Chinese MiG-15 fighters. With the exception of brief overhaul in Japan, the carrier remained in action until April 22, 1953 when it left the Korean coast and proceeded to San Diego. For its service in Korean War, Oriskany was awarded two battle stars. Spending the summer in California, the carrier underwent routine upkeep before returning to Korea that September. Operating in the Sea of Japan and East China Sea, it worked to maintain the uneasy peace which had been established in July. In the Pacific Following another Far East deployment, Oriskany arrived at San Francisco in August 1956. Decommissioned on January 2, 1957, it entered the yard to undergo a SCB-125A modernization. This saw the addition of an angled flight deck, enclosed hurricane bow, steam catapults, and improved elevators. Taking over two years to complete, Oriskany was re-commissioned on March 7, 1959 with Captain James M. Wright in command. After conducting a deployment to the Western Pacific in 1960, Oriskany was overhauled the following year and became the first carrier to receive the US Navys new Naval Tactical Data System. In 1963, Oriskany arrived off the coast of South Vietnam to safeguard American interests following a coup detat which saw President Ngo Dinh Diem deposed. Vietnam War Overhauled at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard in 1964, Oriskany conducted refresher training off the West Coast before being directed to sail for the Western Pacific in April 1965. This was in response to the American entry into the Vietnam War. Largely carrying an air wing equipped with LTV F-8A Crusaders and Douglas A4D Skyhawks, Oriskany began combat operations against North Vietnamese targets as part of Operation Rolling Thunder. Over the next several months the carrier operated from either Yankee or Dixie Station depending on the targets to be attacked. Flying over 12,000 combat sorties, Oriskany earned the Navy Unit Commendation for its performance. A Deadly Fire Returning to San Diego in December 1965, Oriskany underwent an overhaul before again steaming for Vietnam. Resuming combat operations in June 1966, the carrier was struck by tragedy later that year. On October 26, a massive fire erupted when a mishandled magnesium parachute flare ignited in the forward flare locker of Hangar Bay 1. This flare led to the explosion of around 700 other flares in the locker. Fire and smoke quickly spread through the forward part of the ship. Though damage control teams were finally able to extinguish the fire, it killed 43 men, many of them pilots, and wounded 38. Sailing to Subic Bay, Philippines, the wounded were removed from Oriskany and damaged carrier began the voyage back to San Francisco. Back to Vietnam Repaired, Oriskany returned to Vietnam in July 1967. Serving as the flagship of Carrier Division 9, it resumed combat operations from Yankee Station on July 14. On October 26, 1967, one of Oriskanys pilots, Lieutenant Commander John McCain, was shot down over North Vietnam. A future senator and presidential candidate, McCain endured over five years as a prisoner of war. As had become a pattern, Oriskany completed its tour in January 1968 and underwent an overhaul at San Francisco. This complete, it arrived back off Vietnam in May 1969. Operating from Yankee Station, Oriskanys aircraft attacked targets on the Ho Chi Minh Trail as part of Operation Steel Tiger. Flying strike missions through the summer, the carrier sailed for Alameda in November. In dry dock over the winter, Oriskany was upgraded to handle the new LTV A-7 Corsair II attack aircraft. This work complete, Oriskany commenced its fifth Vietnam deployment on May 14, 1970. Continuing attacks on the Ho Chi Minh Trail, the carriers air wing also flew diversionary strikes as part of the Son Tay rescue mission that November. After another overhaul at San Francisco that December, Oriskany departed for its sixth tour off Vietnam. En route, the carrier encountered four Soviet Tupolev TU-95 Bear strategic bombers east of the Philippines. Launching, fighters from Oriskany shadowed the Soviet aircraft as they moved through the area. Completing its deployment in November, the carrier moved through its usual pattern of upkeep in San Francisco before returning to Vietnam in June 1972. Though Oriskany was damaged in a collision with the ammunition ship USS Nitro on June 28, it remained on station and took part in Operation Linebacker. Continuing to hammer enemy targets, the carriers aircraft remained active until January 27, 1973 when the Paris Peace Accords were signed. Retirement After conducting final strikes in Laos in mid-February, Oriskany sailed for Alameda in late March. Refitting, the carrier began a new mission to the Western Pacific which saw it operate in the South China Sea before conducting training in the Indian Ocean. The ship remained in region until mid-1974. Entering Long Beach Naval Ship Yard in August, work began to overhaul the carrier. Completed in April 1975, Oriskany conducted a final deployment to the Far East later that year. Returning home in March 1976, it was designated for deactivation the following month due to defense budget cuts and its old age. Decommissioned on September 30, 1976, Oriskany was held in reserve at Bremerton, WA until being struck from the Navy List on July 25, 1989. Sold for scrap in 1995, Oriskany was reclaimed by the US Navy two years later as the buyer had made no progress in demolishing the ship. Taken to Beaumont, TX, the US Navy announced in 2004 that the ship would be given to the State of Florida for use as an artificial reef. After extensive environmental remediation to remove toxic substances from the vessel, Oriskany was sunk off the coast of Florida on May 17, 2006. The largest vessel to be used as an artificial reef, the carrier has become popular with recreational divers. Selected Sources NavSource: USS OriskanyOriskany HistoryDANFS: USS Oriskany (CV-34)
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Rosalynn Carter Quotes
Rosalynn Carter Quotes Rosalynn Carter, US First Lady 1977-1981, was an active campaigner for her husband, and an advisor and consultant to him. She managed the family business during much of his political career. Her focus as First Lady was mental health reform. Selected Rosalynn Carter Quotations Do what you can to show you care about other people, and you will make our world a better place. If you doubt you can accomplish something, then you cant accomplish it. You have to have confidence in your ability, and then be tough enough to follow through. A leader takes people where they want to go. A great leader takes people where they dont necessarily want to go, but ought to be. Times of upheaval require not just more leadership but more leaders. People at all organizational levels, whether anointed or self-appointed, must be empowered to share leadership responsibilities. There is clearly much left to be done, and whatever else we are going to do, we had better get on with it. I think I am the person closest to the President of the United States, and if I can help him understand the countries of the world, then thats what I intend to do. I had already learned from more than a decade of political life that I was going to be criticized no matter what I did, so I might as well be criticized for something I wanted to do. Jimmy will let me assume as much responsibility as I will.... Jimmy has always said that we the children and myself can do anything. Jimmys sister Ruth was my best friend and she had a picture of him on the wall in her bedroom. I just thought he was the most handsome young man Id ever seen. One day I confessed to her that I wished she let me take that photograph home. Because I just thought I had fallen in love with Jimmy Carter. (About her husbands naval service when he was away at sea) I learned to be very independent. I could take care of myself and the baby and do things that I never dreamed I would be able to do alone. (About her role in the familys peanut and warehouse business) He asked me to come and keep the office. And I had a friend who had taught an accounting course in the vocational technical school and she gave me a set of accounting books. I began to study accounting. I began to keep the books. And it was not too long before I knew actually as much or more about the business on paper than he did. There was no way I could understand our defeat. I had to grieve over our loss before I could look to the future. Where could our lives possibly be as meaningful as they might have been in the White House? If we have not achieved our early dreams, we must either find new ones or see what we can salvage from the old. If we have accomplished what we set out to do in our youth, we need not weep like Alexander the Great that we have no more worlds to conquer. You must accept that you might fail; then, if you do your best and still dont win, at least you can be satisfied that youve tried. If you dont accept failure as a possibility, you dont set high goals, and you dont branch out, you dont try you dont take the risk. Dont worry about polls, but if you do, dont admit it. Informed journalists can have a significant impact on public understanding of mental health issues, as they shape debate and trends with the words and pictures they convey.... They influence their peers and stimulate discussion among the general public, and an informed public can reduce stigma and discrimination. There is nothing more important than a good, safe, secure home. (President Jimmy Carter about Rosalynn Carter) Theres very seldom a decision that I make that I dont discuss with either to tell her after the fact what Ive done, or, very frequently, to tell her my options and seek her advice.
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Does IT Matter Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Does IT Matter Assignment - Coursework Example In terms of buyers, the buyers can be said to be fragmented since due to the many types of people possibly needing such services. There is no certain defined group that can control the outcome of the pricing. In fact, the buyers depend on the system which cannot be found on other car rental companies so switching costs are not yet a concern. This also minimized the threat of substitutes since the product is very unique. As for the suppliers, the channel of distribution is online. This make selling much easier, since there is no middle man or salesman who can interrupt in the process. As for the threat of new entrants, the costs for a competitor to switch to a similar system are quite risky since Zipcar has already a proven track-record. The reengineering of services would entail not only capitalization but training as well so, unless a new business has strong capitalization, Zipcar would be enjoying its current position. 2. Information technology had always been utilized by companies to gain competitive advantage. In Zipcar’s case, it has used IT to create a unique service that most people are used to nowadays (making reservations online). Likewise,it has created synergy by adapting a system that makes things more efficient not only for the customer but for the business as well.
Friday, October 18, 2019
The Real-Political World in Movies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
The Real-Political World in Movies - Essay Example Episode 18, La Palabra, looks at the challenges and pressures that the media mounts on individuals in power, especially when it comes to controversial issues that require someone in a position of leadership to take a stand. The episode focuses on issues of healthcare and whether to give illegal immigrants driving licenses or not. This is reminiscent of real-life politics since healthcare continually plays a critical role in shaping the credibility of a leader, or the overall manifesto that an aspiring leader is presenting to the people. As an illustration, Obama’s Obamacare was viewed as being revolutionary by some, while being loathed by others. In all, his stance on healthcare is one of the major pillars that define his leadership up to now. On the other hand, the issue of illegal immigration is one of the major headaches affecting most European nations. Almost all leaders and individuals in powerful positions have something to say about illegal immigrants. The most vivid is Tramp’s stand on illegal Mexican immigrants, which led to him being in the mainstream media for quite some time. In all, this just highlights how the issue of illegal immigration is a major facet of the political landscape. Consequently, this shows how La Palabra touches on issues that are easily relatable to the real-life political world. Similarly, King Corn looks at the various intrigues affecting the lives of congressmen and other individuals in busy political offices. The episode is full of the intrigues that these individuals go through.
No requirement and decide by the writer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
No requirement and decide by the writer - Essay Example Wisdom involving both data and intuition, it is a mode of thinking including everything regardless of whether one has the facts or not. Therefore the integration of both data and intuition grasps solutions. How has wisdom helped the human race? The utilization of this mode of thinking which wisdom is has seen great inventions and innovation by scientists. Some of which include finding solutions to various health problems through vaccines and treatment. Is wisdom only for a selected few or does everyone have some wisdom? Wisdom cannot be irrelevant simply by the reason that its character and definition includes both internal and external components which everyone has (Wisdom Research, 2009). The four distillations of human wisdom form the pinnacle of human wisdom. Experiences in love, hope, grace and confidence are necessary for every human being to mature and understand themselves and others. It is the polite, controlled and pleasant manner of behaving that is smooth and attractive to others. Not everyone can be graceful and that is why it is a pinnacle of human wisdom. It takes wisdom to be able to carry oneself in a certain attractive and pleasant manner before others (Hummel, 2014). It is an expectation or desire for a certain thing to happen either to one or another. As humans, we are all faced with different situations that may need a hopeful attitude. It takes wisdom to have hope in situations where the reality states otherwise from our expectations (Hummel, 2014). It is a firm trust in something or someone. The feeling that one can rely on someone or something to accomplish a certain task. Experiences have taught many of us the people we can trust and those we cannot. Having confidence in someone depends on our past experience or others past experience with a person or something. Wisdom is what helps us to know if we should have confidence or not (Hummel,
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Sex and Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Sex and Marriage - Essay Example The essay "Sex and Marriage" demonstrates that the evidence from a significant subculture, the swingers, shows that the consensual physical infidelity, especially mutual, need not threaten the stability of marriage as long as respect, consideration, trust, and love remain. The popular notion is that if one engages in nonmonogamous sex outside the bounds of marriage one is being unfaithful to their partner. The assumption is that this is being done secretly without the consent or even knowledge of the partner. Hence, we have the term â€Å"cheating.†Under these circumstances, I would agree that it is an act of infidelity. I partly agree with the mainstream in the following respect. The person is being unfaithful not because of the nonmonogamous sex act per se, but because it is done secretly due to anticipated partner disapproval. Applying this definition of infidelity, any act, whether sexual or not, pursued secretly due to partner expected disapproval would be an unfaithful act since it is a breach of trust. But what if the partner is aware and agrees to participate jointly in monogamous sexual activity? I would submit there is no infidelity involved as there is no breach of trust. Although I would agree that Savage is stretching when he describes monogamous sex as a â€Å"need.†I would accept his view that it is a strong desire for many people. I concur with the notion that responsible nonmonogamy that is done safely with the knowledge and consent of the partner does not pose a threat to the institutions of marriage. and the family as claimed by mainstream culture. Swingers I base my argument on literature that shows that swingers have a lower divorce rate than the American population at large and also on my own personal observations of people in this significant subculture (Liberated Christians). Although swingers can include singles of both sexes, most are married or common law couples with children, ranging in age from 20s to 60s. They can be from all walks of life including the clergy. They tend to be middle and upper socioeconomic classes but, otherwise, are indistinguishable from the majority except for their open pursuit of non monogamous relationships. To me the chief characteristic separating swingers from non swingers is that the former draw a clear distinction between â€Å"sex†and â€Å"love†. My experience is that while group sex does indeed take place it is not as prevalent as non swingers believe nor it is the â€Å"be all and end all†of this lifestyle. While it is true that there is more emphasis on the physical erotic aspects of the sex act, this does not mean that friendship and affection are excluded. For example, while I can enjoy sex with a new partner, I do so even more with one I have gotten to know developed some feelings for. On the other hand, if I disliked my sexual partner I would not derive any pleasure having sex with her. Swingers have developed the theory of primary and secondary relationships to distinguish their relationships between their wife or long term partner and their â€Å"temporary†partners. If you are interested in a new partner but know that your
DEATH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
DEATH - Essay Example He does this as a gesture of remembrance, to hopefully keep his brother from focusing on the negative aspects of him being away, and instead remember the fond times the two of them had shared in the car. When Henry finally leaves, the car seems to be the only comforting semblance for Lyman, of the times they had spent together. The images of a healthy, happy Henry are embodied in the spirit of the red convertible, and these special memories are what keep Lyman from digressing into sorrow. Some of the relaxing and content thoughts Lyman conjures up are ones where they had no specification of destination, during the summer when there were traveling in the car. â€Å"We took off driving all one summer,†and the story goes on to show how happy and at peace they both were, finding spots in areas where they felt â€Å"so comfortable†, Henry is depicted as feeling at ease enough to fall, â€Å"asleep with his arms thrown wide†(Erdrich 2002). Lyman continues to grasp onto these visual memories he brings up, in anticipation of those same feelings for when his brother will finally return. The car itself is what symbolizes the bond between the two of them, even with a gre at distance of separation dividing them. Finally, Henry returns home in the story but it’s obvious he has changed; things are just not the same. â€Å"Henry because quiet and restless†(814). Often he secluded himself and although he was there, his mind seemed to be somewhere else. It appeared war and the white mans culture had taken its toll on him and all that was there for him was ugliness. This is evident in the story when, one night they all gather around the dinner table and beforehand, Henry has bit down into his lip so hard from frustration that he sits with blood dribbling down his chin, theorizing how badly he wanted to be done with American ways, in his mind and in his life (817). This is representative
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
How the battle of Gettysburg changed the Civil war Thesis
How the battle of Gettysburg changed the Civil war - Thesis Example It was the strategic turning point of the war. Several years of war before the battle of Gettysburg were a time of military success and economic collapse of the blockaded South. The Federals suffered defeats, but retained their economic and political advantages. Military defeats, in no small measure, were due to failures of command authorities. â€Å"Generals-politicians†were much better in intricacies of a political struggle than in the art of war in battlefields. President Abraham Lincoln had to change and shuffle his â€Å"brave Generals†periodically. As far as the warfare proceeded, a new galaxy of generals made mark; generals able to withstand the brilliant Southerners, such as General R. Lee and Gen. T. Jackson. Lee’s Gettysburg campaign had to thwart the Federal army plans for the summer, ease the pressure on the besieged Vicksburg, take away the burden of the army munitioning from Virginia, and, which is the most important, to threaten Washington to per suade it to peace negotiations. Repulse of the Southerners’ attacks at Gettysburg and defeat of the invincible Lee, are considered as the watershed in the war, but this statement is true only if the battle of Gettysburg is viewed together with the capture of Vicksburg, which occurred on the same day in the Western theater of operations.
DEATH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
DEATH - Essay Example He does this as a gesture of remembrance, to hopefully keep his brother from focusing on the negative aspects of him being away, and instead remember the fond times the two of them had shared in the car. When Henry finally leaves, the car seems to be the only comforting semblance for Lyman, of the times they had spent together. The images of a healthy, happy Henry are embodied in the spirit of the red convertible, and these special memories are what keep Lyman from digressing into sorrow. Some of the relaxing and content thoughts Lyman conjures up are ones where they had no specification of destination, during the summer when there were traveling in the car. â€Å"We took off driving all one summer,†and the story goes on to show how happy and at peace they both were, finding spots in areas where they felt â€Å"so comfortable†, Henry is depicted as feeling at ease enough to fall, â€Å"asleep with his arms thrown wide†(Erdrich 2002). Lyman continues to grasp onto these visual memories he brings up, in anticipation of those same feelings for when his brother will finally return. The car itself is what symbolizes the bond between the two of them, even with a gre at distance of separation dividing them. Finally, Henry returns home in the story but it’s obvious he has changed; things are just not the same. â€Å"Henry because quiet and restless†(814). Often he secluded himself and although he was there, his mind seemed to be somewhere else. It appeared war and the white mans culture had taken its toll on him and all that was there for him was ugliness. This is evident in the story when, one night they all gather around the dinner table and beforehand, Henry has bit down into his lip so hard from frustration that he sits with blood dribbling down his chin, theorizing how badly he wanted to be done with American ways, in his mind and in his life (817). This is representative
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Characters In Havisham, Hitcher, and The Laboratory Essay Example for Free
Characters In Havisham, Hitcher, and The Laboratory Essay What similarities or differences are there in the way disturbed or disturbing characters are presented in Havisham, Hitcher, and The Laboratory? Necrophilic fantasies in Duffys Havisham, the impulsive murderer in Armitages Hitcher, the smarter premeditated plot in the Lab, and finally the darkened anger of Inversnaid. All of these poems contain elements of disturbed characters or disturbed fantasies, some flaunt an erratic display of anger love and hate, and some are more contained and scheming. In all of these poems the disturbed and the disturbing is explored in new ways and helps us to better understand our own minds and evils. Inversnaid is immediately begun with dark and disturbing imagery darksome burn this conjures up gory and gothic thoughts before the poem has properly begun. In contrast Hitcher starts in a completely opposite way Id been tired, under the weather the enjambment on the first line creates suspense, also the spelling of answer phone as ansaphone shows the narrators simplicity, also the erratic punctuation gets across his disturbed state of being. The fact that he has a hired car could also mean that he is a dangerous driver and has caused a road accident. A part in the poem that also suggests that the narrator is crazy is round the next bend this indicates that he is round the bend showing he is crazy. Inversnaid also gives this impression through the use of enjambment. This gives the poem a rambling feel as though he is just spouting random words. A disturbing feeling is also created by: broth Of a pool sp pitch-black, this phrase sounds almost apocalyptic, this combined with the rambling could almost be seen as though he is speaking in tongues; prophesising some terrible end to the world. In Duffys Havisham, the psychotic issues of the narrator can be seen from the start, as is the case in inversnaid. Green pebbles for eyes this shows the audience that she has lost all emotion and individuality she ever had. We know this Havisham is defiantly crazy when Duffy describes her cawing Nooooo at the wall; it shows her loss of self-respect and dignity. In contrast, the woman in the Laboratory chooses to hid her self tying thy glass mask tightly she does this in order to hide herself so as to save her self-respect and also to ensure she does not get caught in planning a murder. However, despite the narrators dignity there is a disturbing element about her for example: keep them one half minuet fixed she would fall the fact that she believes that she can stare her victim to death, but most of all because she does not care that the man will still not love her after she has killed Pauline, this proves that she is just doing it out of jealousy as she cannot have him. Carol Ann Duffys Havisham is defiantly the most disturbing poem of all as it addresses all the usually psychotic issues that the narrators in each of the poems talk about and goes beyond that by describing Havisham necrophilic fantasies. However it is evident that all of these poems are describing a hate that we have all felt at some point, we are not all necessarily necrophilias but we have all hated someone in this way. As for hitcher I believe that this is the same and that Armitage is merely presenting to us a part of ourselves but exemplified in an amplified and literal state.
Monday, October 14, 2019
What photography can and should document
What photography can and should document The social crisis of our time, however, calls for a redefinition of what photography can and should document. Obviously, not all documentary photography has to be didactic in pointing to a possibility of social change. But there is a need for discourse among documentary photographers about the content of work, and its relationship to the social movements of our time. The social movements of our day are more complex. Its often harder to find the sense of political certainty which filled the vision, and inspired the dedication of these artists who came before. Photojournalism relies upon the notion that photography captures an objective record of reality for viewers. Yet, at the same time, a clearly defined system of rules and conventions governs the professional practice of photojournalism, delimiting the range of appropriate images and shaping the form those images take. Paradoxically, news photographs are valued as neutral records at the same time that they are admired as carefully crafted pictures. Photojournalists earn kudos not only for what they show, but also for how well they show it. Documentary photography was tied, historically, to both exploration and social reform. Some early documentarians worked, literally, documenting features of the natural landscape. Others worked, like Lewis Hine for the great social surveys of the early part of the century. Their work was used to expose evil and promote change. Their images were, perhaps, something like those journalists made but, less tied to illustrating a newspaper story, they had more space to breathe in. A classic example is Hines image of Leo, 48 inches high, 8 years old, picks up bobbins at fifteen cents a day, in which a young boy stands next to the machines which have, we almost surely conclude, stunted his growth. Documentary photography supposed to dig deep, get at what Robert E. Park (a sociologist who had worked as a journalist for daily papers in Minneapolis, Denver, Detroit, Chicago and New York) called the Big News, be concerned about society, play an active role in social change, be socially responsible, worry about its effects on the society in which its work is distributed. Photographers like Hine saw their work, and it has often been seen since, as having an immediate effect on citizens and legislators. Today, we see this work as having an exploratory, investigative character, something more like social science. Contemporary documentary photographers, whose work converges more consciously with social science, have become aware, as anthropologists have, that they have to worry about, and justify, their relations to the people they photograph. Photographs get meaning, like all cultural objects, from their context. Even paintings or sculptures, which seem to exist in isolation, hanging on the wall of a museum, get their meaning from a context made up of what has been written about them, either in the label hanging beside them or elsewhere, other visual objects, physically present or just present in viewers awareness, and from discussions going on around them and around the subject the works are about. Documentary projects typically go on for years, often focus on social issues rather than news events, and are usually independently conceived and financed by the photographer, rather than commissioned by a publication. Documentary is often assumed to be subjective, to have a point of view on the subject being investigated, but it is also presumed to be honest reporting and photographers in this mode do not generally resort to setting up shots. These sort of projects are sometimes sold in pieces to magazines but with the decline of mass circulation magazines like Life, the usual goal has become to publish the whole project in book form. Photojournalism is used here to refer to the coverage of current news events in an extended format, both in the investigation and shooting stage and in the final story product which normally consists of more than one photograph. Because these projects are time-sensitive, they may take months but not years to complete. Photojournalism is usually commissioned by a publication, such as a magazine or newspaper, but will sometimes later appear in book form as well. While documentary projects are usually driven by the personal interests or convictions of the photographer, photojournalisms subject matter is generally determined by what is deemed news-worthy by the media. The question of whether an image appropriately â€Å"reflects reality†is an issue that documentary photography and photojournalism has contended with throughout their histories. The global audience is changing, and photography needs to reflect this in order to remain effective. Readers are disillusioned at the manipulation they are slowly becoming aware to via pseudo-documentaries on society and politics by filmmakers. That the camera cannot lie is true only in the sense that the images it captures must have existed in one form or another at some particular time. We are familiar with historical photos that have been retouched to include or exclude political figures. We are less familiar with the potential of new technologies for falsifying images, particularly those that appear in newspapers and magazines. Photojournalism, photography that accompanies stories intended for newspaper and magazine readers, has a long and cherished tradition of truthfulness. The faking of photographs, either through stage direction by the photographer or through darkroom manipulation, unfortunately, also has a long tradition. However, computer technology puts photographic faking on a new level of concern as images can be digitized and manipulated without the slightest indication of such trickery. If the manipulation of photographs is accepted for any image, the public will naturally doubt all photographs and text within all publications. Scoopt, the citizen photojournalism arm of Getty Images, claims to have experts who carefully screen images to ensure no digital tampering has occurred. As Far id points out, however, tampering is becoming increasingly difficult to detect with the naked eyeâ€â€particularly for understaffed organizations trying to push through photos of breaking events. Yet, human beings continue to die from war, murder, natural disasters; to be born, now in litters as large as seven or eight: to live in harmony and conflict. Newspapers and photojournalism have survived the onslaught of electronic media, continuing to report the human maelstrom of a global citizenry as if it were a vivid reality play m the midst of the non reality o turn-of-the-millennium culture. Almost drowned within media criticism have been the voices of those professionals whose appreciation of the subjective nature of observation and reportage has led to more sensitive and sophisticated practice of visual journalism. In daily practice, digital-imaging technology has led to increased awareness of the ease of manipulating visual reportage, in turn leading to higher not lower ethical standards. At the same time, new technology has made visual coverage faster, easier, and more prolific via digital distribution. More and more photojournalists are asked to also be advertising photographers shooting fashion, food, architecture, portrait, and editorial illustration assignments. These assignments take photojournalists away from doing meaningful documentaries about social conditions in their community. These economically driven assignments are fuelled by news directors, publishers, and photographers who dont necessarily distinguish between magazine and television commercial advertising and classic photojournalism documentation. When a young photojournalist is expected to split her time between news and corporate controlled images, its hard for her to take herself seriously as an on-call visual documentarian. Issues and debates surrounding truth will continue as long as media is reported. Even with the saturation of so-called amateur journalists, there will always be motives of greed, a human trait that is undeniable in our society. Some critics have predicted that in a few years, images whether still or moving will not be allowed in trials as physical evidence because of the threat to their veracity created by digital alterations. Most consumers of the media can easily tell the difference between an advertisement and a news story. But sometimes the distinction is so subtle, only highly observant readers can tell the difference. But no matter how the tools of journalism change, fundamental ethical concerns still apply. Displaying violent, sensational images for economic reasons, violating a persons privacy before the judicial process can function, manipulating news-editorial pictures to alter their content, stereotyping individuals into pre-conceived categories and blurring the distinction between advertising and editorial messages were journalism concerns in 1895, are important topics in 1995 and will be carefully considered issues, no doubt, in 2095. Now, as we witness the dramatic transformations to the print journalism industry, these questions not only reveal how the idea of visual journalism has congealed but also indicate the kinds of issues that both photojournalism practitioners and their audiences will need to resolve in a world in which the printed periodical is no longer the favoured institution through which these images are mediated. Over the last fifteen years or so we have witnessed the emergence of new kinds of visual story-telling. Digital photography gave us instantaneous feedback; camera phones gave us ubiquitous photography; picture-sharing sites gave us a developing social milieu in which these instant and ubiquitous pictures could be shared. As a result we have new formal models for presenting visual information. There is more documentary feature production than ever before. Still images are organized as slideshows, browse-and-enlarge albums, or in an irregular temporal flow. Reuters Bearing Witness: Five Years of the Iraq War is a brilliant use of multimedia that is not a linear display of images. These new formal properties will redefine visual grammars and inform how and of what photographers make pictures, but they will also be subject to the new contexts and frameworks that will continue to emerge. The value of information increases not only when it is controlled and withheld but also when it is given shape and purpose, when value articulates with meaning. We may not remember many of the facts that led to the brief student uprising in Chinas Tiananmen Square in 1989, but you can never forget the image of the lone protester standing defiantly in front of a line of menacing, green Chinese tanks. Words and pictures become one powerfully effective communicative medium inside your own mind. Professional photojournalists cannot be in the best places at the right times in order to capture events as they unfold. The future of photojournalism lies with the new breed of moral and aware consumers. The Internet offers us the chance to reinvent photojournalism by enabling us to blend the best practices from still photojournalism, broadcasting, and independent films. The Internet permits us to blend still photographs with audio, text, video, and databases to make compelling content that is far richer than print or broadcasting typically deliver. This new world of visual story telling gives us a chance to reinvent the form and to adapt integration of various media types to tell the most compelling possible story. Visual journalism on the web offers the chance to tell narrative stories that speak powerfully to underlying truths of the human condition. The traditional model of print distribution and direct editorial funding has been unravelling from the 1970s onwards, ever since weekly pictorial magazines like Life folded. This demonstrates photojournalism that required an editorial paymaster was in trouble long before the Internet was an issue or the global recession added to its woes. It involves seeing oneself as a publisher of content and a participant in a distributed story, the form of which helps reshape the content of the story. Rather than just producing a single image or small series of images to be sold into another persons story, multimedia on the web has numerous advantages for visual storytellers. â€Å"Both media are time-based, as opposed to space-based. A print layout is about space  the eye wanders; the viewer controls the time and rhythm. Time-based, of course, means the show is driven by the audio and is viewed over time,†â€Å"good slideshows, I think, have a very different rhythm than video  less literal. Slideshows need to lean on the strength of the still image  these punctuated moments in time that visually meld with the audio.†As a result, photojournalism at the beginning of the 21st century find itself maturing beyond the naive idealism of early and mid-20th-centur positivism, and even beyond the dark cynicism of late-20th-century post modernism, toward a profound sense of purpose: Good visual reportage may very well be the only credible source of reasonably true images in decades to come. The heart of photojournalism is reporting human experience accurately, honestly, and with an overriding sense of social responsibility. The key to earning and maintaining public trust is increasing awareness of the process of visual reporting and its potential to inform or misinform. Published in Life magazine in 1937, Robert Capas photograph shows in one instant the suddenness and loneliness of an anonymous soldiers death. It has been suggested that the photograph was either a chance occurrence by the photographer shooting blindly, or it was staged for the benefit of the camera. He photographed in China, on the beaches of Normandy, in Israel, and finally in Vietnam, where he was killed by a land mine./10 Capa consistently produced images with strong emotional impact and high technical expertise. Those Capa images that have been chosen by his brother Cornell Capa and by Magnum to represent his lifes work emphasize the qualities of drama and heroism and thus have had a crucial role in sustaining the Robert Capa legend. Robert Capas saying, often quoted, that â€Å"If your pictures arent good enough, youre not close enough,†has helped reinforce the important elements of drama and the heroic photographer that have been emphasized in the Magnum style. Capas most famous photograph, â€Å"Death of a Loyalist Soldier, Spain 1936,†often celebrated as the greatest war photograph of all time, creates drama with a close-up depiction of the moment of death and conveys a macho persona with the clear implication of Capas decision to place himself in close proximity to danger. His choice of a type of lens that closely resembles normal human vision, probably around 50 mm, gives the feeling that we are right next to the soldier as he falls. The fact that the viewer can see the landscape around and behind him indicates that Capa is clearly not hidden safely far away with a telephoto lens (which would compress and narrow our view of the background), but is closely engaged with the action.43 Capas photographs of D-Day where he is obviously in the surf with the advancing troops has a similar effect of dramatizing events by being as close as possible to the action, and thereby also endowing the photographer with even more daring and courage than the heroes of the moment, the invading soldiers, since he had a choice that the soldiers did not: to photograph from up close or from afar. While many of Robert Capas photographs of war, such as â€Å"Death of a Loyalist Soldier, Spain 1936,†do not seem particularly dramatic viewed now, in the 1930s they were hailed as the finest pictures of front-line action ever taken.44 Certainly, this kind of close-up view of war was relatively new to viewers who were more used to images of fightings aftermath. However, captions applied by the picture magazines certainly played an important role in the creation of Capas images as dramatic. As Fred Ritchin notes, Capas Spanish Civil War photographs were often accompanied by captions such as In the Heart of the Battle: The Most Amazing War Picture Ever Taken, and You can almost smell the [gun] powder in this picture, and the most famous, This is War! in the British magazine Picture Post.45 Robert Franks book, The Americans. Frank traveled around the United States on a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1955/56 taking photographs of people at funerals, on the street, at drive-in movies, in restaurants, driving cars. Rather than rely on neat geometrical compositions to create abstract patterns, he focused on fleeting, contemplative facial expressions or included empty space to lend his photographs a sense of sad loneliness and of disjuncture between people. In his photograph Elevator Miami Beach the young elevator girl looks wistfully off into the distance as her rich-looking patrons blur past her out the door. Its not possible to know whether it is her sadness the photograph conveys, or Franks. While the documentary aspect of Franks work in The Americans is highly subjective, like much of Magnums own work, he uses the element of artistic expression to create a whole different visual style, leading viewers to conclusions about his subjects at odds with the conclusions drawn from work in the Magnum style.
Sunday, October 13, 2019
Japanese Media Overview :: essays research papers fc
Japanese media overview Physically, the mass media in Japan are quite similar to those in any developed nation, although perhaps somewhat more advanced. In organizational structure, however, Japanese media are unique. Individual elements of the Japanese media mix may resemble counterparts in other nations, but the combination is purely Japanese. The primary characteristics of Japanese mass media are the influence of the national daily newspapers and the Japan Broadcasting Corporation (Nihon Hoso Kyokai, or NHK) and the relative lack of localism. The importance of newspapers Japanese media are dominated by five national daily newspapers. The Asahi, Mainichi, Nihon Keizai, Sankei and Yomiuri Shimbun (newspaper) all publish both a morning and an evening edition, with total circulation of more than 40 million copies per day (Cooper-Chen, 1997, p. 53). Of the world’s ten highest daily circulation newspapers, the top three are Japanese, with the fourth highest having a circulation of just over one-third of the circulation of the Yomiuri Shimbun (The United States is not represented in this list) (Cooper-Chen, 1997, p. 54). It is not surprising that Japan has the highest ratio of newspapers to people in the world, with 578 copies per day for every 1000 people (Cooper-Chen, 1997, p. 52). Local newspapers are smaller than the nationals, and many are published only once or twice a week, even in cities with populations above 100,000. However, the national newspapers all have regional sections. The national daily newspapers are also involved in other media. All of the commercial television networks are either affiliated with or owned by a national newspaper (Cooper-Chen, 1997, p. 115). They are also heavily involved in radio broadcasting, although their presence is less influential. Japanese book and magazine readership are also quite impressive. In addition, Japan has a thriving comic book, or manga, industry. Japanese comic books are for all ages and all types of people. One can see people reading manga in restaurants, coffee shops, trains, buses, even schools and offices. Sales of manga for 1984 totaled 297 billion yen (US$ 1.2 billion), although this figure does not include any of the income from manga-related products (Schodt, 1986, p. 138). Nature of television broadcasting There are five major commercial and two public television networks in Japan. The public networks, Nippon Hoso Kyokai (NHK) general and education, are funded by annual license fees paid for every television set in the country. Although NHK is an independent entity, it enjoys a close and favored relationship with the government.
Saturday, October 12, 2019
Essay --
The Great Depression was an economic problem in North America, Europe, and other industrialized countries around the world that began in 1929 and lasted until 1939. It was the longest and most stressing depression ever. The U.S. economy had gone into a depression six months earlier, but the Great Depression had begun with a breakdown of stock-market prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929. The next three years stock prices in the United States had continued to drop, until 1932 it had dropped to about 20% of its value. Other than messing up thousands of individual investors, the decline in the value of good banks and other financial facilities went bad. Many banks were constantly forced to hide their debts, and that’s why by 1933, 11,000 of the United States 25,000 banks had failed. The failure of so many banks was because of the lack of confidence the economy had, which had led to too much reduced of spending and demanding money. This was constantly dropping, and unemployment began rising. By 1932, U.S. manufacturing had dropped to 54% of its money, and unemployment had gone up to between 12 and 15 million workers. The Great Depression began in the United States, but then had turned into a worldwide economic problem. The United States was trying to come out from the depression as the main one in the depression. National economies had been weakened by the depression itself, but by war debts in Germany and other defeated nations to. So once the American economy had dropped and the money of American investments to Europe was gone, the depression had become worst than nations that were mostly in debt to the United States, Germany and Great Britain. In Germany, unemployment began to raise high in 1929, and by 1932. It ... ...ing completely out of reserves making it harder to purchase stocks and bonds to improve their businesses. The Great Depression ended as nations went up on their production of war materials at the beginning of World War II. This had made production better, made more jobs, and put a bunch of money back into business so that the economy would be better again. What I have learned through this research paper is that the economy will never be perfect. It does not matter how many polices the government makes, people will be people and continue to spend money in ways that could affect the economy. Majority of people require loans today since we have wants and needs in order to live. I do not believe the US economy would ever go back to the times of the Depression since more people have jobs today, there is not one central bank anymore and having a better economic system. Essay -- The Great Depression was an economic problem in North America, Europe, and other industrialized countries around the world that began in 1929 and lasted until 1939. It was the longest and most stressing depression ever. The U.S. economy had gone into a depression six months earlier, but the Great Depression had begun with a breakdown of stock-market prices on the New York Stock Exchange in October 1929. The next three years stock prices in the United States had continued to drop, until 1932 it had dropped to about 20% of its value. Other than messing up thousands of individual investors, the decline in the value of good banks and other financial facilities went bad. Many banks were constantly forced to hide their debts, and that’s why by 1933, 11,000 of the United States 25,000 banks had failed. The failure of so many banks was because of the lack of confidence the economy had, which had led to too much reduced of spending and demanding money. This was constantly dropping, and unemployment began rising. By 1932, U.S. manufacturing had dropped to 54% of its money, and unemployment had gone up to between 12 and 15 million workers. The Great Depression began in the United States, but then had turned into a worldwide economic problem. The United States was trying to come out from the depression as the main one in the depression. National economies had been weakened by the depression itself, but by war debts in Germany and other defeated nations to. So once the American economy had dropped and the money of American investments to Europe was gone, the depression had become worst than nations that were mostly in debt to the United States, Germany and Great Britain. In Germany, unemployment began to raise high in 1929, and by 1932. It ... ...ing completely out of reserves making it harder to purchase stocks and bonds to improve their businesses. The Great Depression ended as nations went up on their production of war materials at the beginning of World War II. This had made production better, made more jobs, and put a bunch of money back into business so that the economy would be better again. What I have learned through this research paper is that the economy will never be perfect. It does not matter how many polices the government makes, people will be people and continue to spend money in ways that could affect the economy. Majority of people require loans today since we have wants and needs in order to live. I do not believe the US economy would ever go back to the times of the Depression since more people have jobs today, there is not one central bank anymore and having a better economic system.
Friday, October 11, 2019
Vietnam Economy
nom Economic Vietnam has during the last two decades developed into a dynamic and fast growing market – also in automobile industry. Economic reforms, membership of WTO since 2007 and an impressive number of foreign investments, the notable increase in GDP, in people’s demand for high quality product and the almost-zero of the domestic automobile industry have led Vietnam to become the potential market for Volkswagen. The global crisis led to a temporary slowdown of Vietnam’s fast economic growth, but growth is back on track with 6. % growth in 2010 and more than 7% per year expected in 2011-2015. Table 1: Vietnam’ GDP real growth rate (%) [pic] Source: Source: General Statistics Office of Vietnam The rate of economic growth has during the last decade amounted to 7-9% per year, amongst the highest recorded growth rates in the world. The GDP per capita is USD 1160 (2010), and an increasing number of Vietnam’s 87 million inhabitants demand consumer pr oducts of higher quality. Table 2: Vietnam’s GDP per capital (US$) [pic] Source: General Statistics Office of Vietnam However, the average income in Vietnam is still fairly low in comparison with the company price (about†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. cai nay lay so lieu ben product nhe, to k tim duoc). According to â€Å"Background note of Vietnam†recorded by U. S Department of State in http://www. state. gov, Vietnam’s per capita income in 2010 was just $1,168 one person per year. Whereas, imported cars in Vietnam have to suffer upto 3 kinds of duty, including: Import Duty, Extra Duty, and Value Added Tax. Regardless of how strict Vietnam taxation policy is, the accession agreement which was compulsory for Vietnam to become WTO’s member in 2007 obliged Vietnam to lower its import tariffs and to welcome foreign investments in most commercial sectors of the economy. Certain sectors are partly protected against foreign competition in an interim period, but from 2012 respectively 2014 all sectors of the economy must welcome foreign goods and services as well as investors on an equal footing with local companies and investors. Therefore, we totally hope that in the upcoming period, such a 200% tariff for exported cars will not exist. Vietnam automobile market is not that big but it sees a potential signal. According to General Statistics Office of Vietnam [ http://www. gso. gov. vn/default. aspx? tabid=393&idmid=3&ItemID=11605 to k biet trich nguon ntn cho dung voi Harvard form ca T_T], the demand for imported cars, especially types of fewer than 9 seats which makes of approximately 70% in total, keeps increasing remarkably, from 21279 units in 2005 to 51059 in 2008 and reach the number of about 80410 in the last year. Whereas the domestic automobile industry seems to not improve at all. Until now, the domestic company still can not produce even one car. Vietnam now has 10 automobile JVs including one 100 % foreign-owned enterprise (GM Daewoo), one domestic manufacturer (Truong Hai). The manufacturers make vehicles of 17 world brands: Fiat, Sangyong, PMC, Mazda, Kia, Chevrolet, Daewoo, Mitsubishi, Mercedes Benz, Suzuki, Toyota, Isuzu, Ford, Hino, Hyundai (trucks, bus), Chery and Honda. In this moment, Volkswagen is one of more then 10 brands having distribution channel in. These brands include BMW (Euro Auto), Audi, Porsche (PSC), Hyundai (Thanh Cong), Lifan (Bao Toan), Chrysler (IC Auto), Subaru (MIV), Dong Feng,  MAN (VMC) and Fiat – Alfa Romeo (Mekong Auto), who are all considerable competitors. It is a great opportunity for the company to dominate Vietnam market but also a challenge when our products are almost kind of high quality with high price.
Thursday, October 10, 2019
Biological Importance of Water
The Biological Importance Of Water Water plays a huge role in our lives, the molecule which is comprised of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen bonded together has many complex properties. The molecule maintains a bent shape due to its tetrahedral arrangement and the negative lone pair of electrons on the oxygen. The electrons from both hydrogen and oxygen are joined covalently but the difference in electronegativity lets the electrons from hydrogen get pulled slightly toward the oxygen therefore making the hydrogen positive and the oxygen negative (a dipole molecule). Hence water being a polar molecule, the result of this lets water get attracted to other polar molecules and more importantly to other water molecules. Hydrogen bonds form in-between these polar molecules. The many unique properties water withholds will be discussed in this essay varying from its thermal properties to its solvent properties. The polar molecule attracts other polar water molecules. The slightly negative oxygen is attracted to the slightly positive hydrogen. Weak hydrogen bonds connect them. Electrons are pulled closer to oxygen making oxygen negative and hydrogen positive and therefore polarised. Solvent properties Since water is polarized it attracts ions and other polarized molecules. Water can collect around the molecule separate it making the chemicals able to move freely around and react with other chemicals. For example when NaCl enters water they dissociate into ions (Na+) and (Cl-), this occurs because both ions are more attracted to water dipoles. The water molecules surround the ions therefore making it hydrated, the molecules are bound providing a osmotic surface. This process takes place withen animals and plants. In order for a plant to abssorb minerals from the soil and for the blood(waterbased) to transport glucose, amino acids and minerals. Without this soloution living orgasisms wouldn’t be able to physical survie due to lack of nutrients. All metablic reactions happen in this soloution, such a respiration, excretion and photosythesis. In the circumstance that a molecules intermoleculer bonds are to strong the charged surface normally gets attracted to water which would then remain isolated, this therefore avoids them joining – collodical suspension. The plasma in your blood is a example of a collodical suspension as it carries all the nurtirents and elctrolytes but doesn’t fuse with the red blood cells. Thermal properties A realtively large proportion of energy is needed to increase the tempreture of water (high heat capacity) because of the large amounts of hydrogen bonds water pocesses. The more water content there is the harder it is to change the tempreture. Due to the high water content inside our bodies changing tempreture is a slow process, making maintaing a stable body tempreture easy, water acts as a buffer. This is obviously a advantage so enzymes can work at there optium tempreture. When sweating occurs a lot of heat energy escapes via evaperation making it a good cooling mechanism and helping organisms mantian the optium body tempreture which is vital to endothermic organisms. Density and freezing properties When water is solid , its less dense then it was when it was in liquid form. Ice floats because it is about 9% less dense than liquid water. The density of water starts to decrease after 4 celsus and therefore starts to float, insulating water particals below it. As water cools below 4Â °C, the hydrogen bonds adjust to hold the negatively charged oxygen atoms apart. This produces a crystal lattice. If it wasn’t for density being less dense water would sink and the whole ocean would freeze killing water life and reducing the circulate nutrients in oceans. When water freezes is expands inorder to make space for more hydrogen bonds. Water stays liquid through a large tempreture range which helps water animals live. High surface tension and cohesion Since water moves together in long unbroken columns through plants (xylem tissue)- the low viscosity allows water to drift easily. Transpiration steam occurs in soloution and is held together by cohesion. Water molecules attach to the xylem vessel showing the use of adhesion(because both water and cellulose are polar molecules there is a strong attraction for water within the hollow capillaries of the xylem). The guard cell is turgid because it has an increase in turgor pressure – water enters the central vacuole by osmosis. The cohesion of water molecules creates a large surface tenison ontop of the water letting small organisms use it as a habitat. Water also effects the support of mammals due to the waterfilled tissue which boosts are skeletal support. All of these properties show that water has great biological importance and is fundamentally vital for any living organisms to survive.
Wednesday, October 9, 2019
The Role of Sleep in Learning and Memory.
Students tend to overload themselves by overnight study to memorize all the study material. However, most of them do not realize that we will have a better result by an adequate sleep than having a three hour sleep before an exam to memorize all the material. This restless lifestyle will significantly reduce health level and in fact reduces our memory consolidation and opportunity to use our unconscious mind to improve the skill that we learn. This theory was first introduced by Muller and Pilzecker about 100 years ago.They made a hypothesis that memory consolidation is time dependent and require regulating from our brain cell which leads to further development in memory consolidation theory nowadays. (McGaugn, 2000. ) According to â€Å"Neurology board review: An illustrated study guide. †written by Professor Mowzoon, sleep is divided into 2 main types, which is non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM). NREM sleep occur seventy five percent of our sleep and REM sleep only occur for twenty five percent of our sleep. NREM sleep can divide into 4 stages. Stage 1 happens when we are between being awake and asleep.Stage 2 occurs at the beginning of sleep; brain will produce periodic brain wave activity known as sleep spindles that can relax our body muscle and heart rate. Stage 3 and 4 take place in deep sleep. In these stages, our body tissue cultivates and repairs. Lastly, stage 5 of the sleep is involved in REM sleep where most dreaming occurs. In REM sleep, brain and other parts of our body becomes more active but muscles remain in a lessen state. (Mowzoon, 2007) A journal article â€Å"Sleep dependent memory consolidation†from Nature precisely categorizes sleep stages and memory.There are several type of memories but commonly they are divided into declarative memories which we can recall in our mind and non-declarative memory where normally used without conscious. The term memory consolidation is referring to memory stabilizat ion, where memories become more resistible to interference. Several studies show that certain memories are consolidation through REM sleep as complex cognitive procedural learning take place. Procedural memory and spatial memory are greatly improved in REM sleep, where both these memories help to recording information and how to get things done.Motor skills like dancing, would advance while we are in REM sleep. Positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging has demonstrated that the night after training, region that is active during task performance is reactivated during REM sleep. Besides, even event related potentials shows that high temporal resolution of brain processing in the period of REM sleep. (Stickgold, 2005)The result shows that REM sleep and memory consolidation are highly positive correlated, as a REM-rich periods person will be 3 times more likely to improve in certain skill than a sleep deprivation person.Endogenously, Nature NeuroScience did an electrophysiologica l reading between hippocampus and neocortex respond to episodic and semantic memories. Episodic memory is memories that involve emotion, while semantic memory refers to factual information and knowledge. Both of these memories are categorized in declaration memory. In the experiment, a group of people were given some task and simulating the learning multiple times. After that, subjects are given 2 detail fMRI scan that one is scheduled directly after the learning session and another scan 48hours later.The result shows that there is an increase in functional connectivity over time between hippocampus and medical prefrontal cortex in the first scan is lower than second scan. Subject remember more detailed and perform better after a good night sleep. Therefore learning is highly influence by the successively of reactivation between hippocampal and prefrontal network during our sleeping cycle. (Peyrache, 2009) In addition, the journal of Science written by Maquet, show that sleep has be en occupied that plastic cerebral change due to fresh memory and learning.The recurrence of neuronal bonds during sleep is proven by a few experiments. The neural activity is further shown in walking behavior seems to be reestablished during sleep. The reactivation will increase the intercellular connection strength between the element of network and incorporation of the new experience into long term memory. (Maquet, 2001) Both of this experiment proven that REM sleep has great effect to memory consolidation and learning. Exogenously, sleep is also illustrated to be obliging in memory consolidation and learning.Practice is not the only way to attainment all skill, performance could be improve between learning period and not within it. Explicit skill where we learn it intentionally is sleep-dependent. From an experiment from journal of Current Biology, offline skill improvement can only observed within 12 hours including sleep. The result show that implicit skill might improve due to time but explicit skill is positive correlated to sleep. When we are fully conscious of learning a new thing, the improvement of skill without practice is totally reliant on sleep. Robertson, 2004) Moreover, BBC news reported that in United Kingdom, a group of adult was given a task and for the group who were sent to sleep did better than those who carried on without sleep. Dr Matthew Walker mentions that â€Å"Sleep not only rights the wrong of prolonged wakefulness, but at neurocognitive level, it moves you beyond where you were before you took a nap†. This supplementary enhances the theory that, sleep will improve memory consolidation and learning. (BBC, 2010)As a college student, I fully understand that weighty academic course loads leads to sleep deprivation, but a good sleeping cycle will helps to boost up our academic result. Even though sleep helps to improve our academic, we still have to put in the same effort in our daily life to maintain and improve our result.Re ferences: Mowzoon, N. , M. D. , Flemming, K. , D. (2007). Neurology board review: An illustrated study guide. Rochester, MN: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Stickgold, R. (2005). Sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Nature, 437(7063), 1272-1278. Peyrache, A. , Khamassi, M. , Benchenane, K. , Wiener, S. , I. , Battaglia, F. , P. (2009). â€Å"Reply of rule-learning related neural patterns in the prefrontal cortex during sleep. †Nature NeuroScience, 12(7), 919-926. Doi:10. 1038/nn. 2337 Maquet, P. (2001) The role of sleep in learning and memory. Science, 294(5544), 1048-1052. DOI: 10. 1126/science. 1062856 McGaugh, J. , L. (2000). Memory – A century of consolidation. Science, 287(5451), 248-251. DOI:10. 1126/science. 287. 5451. 248 â€Å"Nap ‘boosts’ brain learning power. BBC News 21 February 2010. Retrieved from: http://news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/health/8524549. stm. Robertson, E. M. ; Pascual-Leone, A. ; Press, D. Z. (2004). â€Å"Aw areness modifies the skill-learning benefits of sleep†. Current Biology. 14(3): 208–212. DOI:10. 1016/j. cub. 2004. 01. 027 Wamsley, E. , J. , Tucker, M. , Payne, J. D. , Benavides, J. , A. , & Stickgold, R. (2010). Dreaming of a learning task I associated with enhanced sleep dependent memory consolidation. Current Biology, 20(9), 850-855. DOI: 10. 1016/j. cub. 2010. 03. 027
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